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<title>Three Identical Strangers</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Three Identical Strangers</i></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Three Identical Strangers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Tim Wardle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Becky Read</li><li>Grace Hughes-Hallett</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Edward Galland</li><li>David Kellman</li><li>Robert Shafran</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Tim_Cragg" title="Tim Cragg">Tim Cragg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Michael Harte</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data">Paul Saunderson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br>companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><a href="CNN_Films" title="CNN Films">CNN Films</a></li>

<li><a href="Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4 Television</a></li>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><a href="Neon_(company)" title="Neon (company)">Neon</a> (North America)</li>

<li><a href="Dogwoof" title="Dogwoof">Dogwoof</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (United Kingdom and Ireland)</li></ul>

<ul><li>January 19, 2018<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2018-01-19</span>)</span> (<a href="2018_Sundance_Film_Festival" title="2018 Sundance Film Festival">Sundance</a>)</li>

<li>June 29, 2018<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2018-06-29</span>)</span> (United States)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">96 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United States</li><li>United Kingdom</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$1–4 million<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$12.3 million<sup id="cite_ref-BOM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><i><b>Three Identical Strangers</b></i> is a 2018 <a href="Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a>, directed by Tim Wardle, about the lives of Edward Galland, David Kellman, and Robert Shafran, a set of <a href="Multiple_birth#Triplets" title="Multiple birth">identical-triplet</a> brothers <a href="Adoption" title="Adoption">adopted</a> as infants by separate families. Combining <a href="Archival_footage" class="mw-redirect" title="Archival footage">archival footage</a>, re-enacted scenes, and present-day interviews, it recounts how the brothers discovered one another by chance in <a href="New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in 1980 at age 19, their public and private lives in the years that followed, and their eventual discovery that their adoption had been part of an undisclosed scientific "<a href="Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">nature versus nurture</a>" study of the development of genetically identical siblings raised in differing <a href="Socioeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic">socioeconomic</a> circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The film premiered at the <a href="2018_Sundance_Film_Festival" title="2018 Sundance Film Festival">2018 Sundance Film Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it won the U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Storytelling.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was nominated for <a href="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Documentary" title="BAFTA Award for Best Documentary">Best Documentary</a> at the <a href="72nd_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="72nd British Academy Film Awards">72nd British Academy Film Awards</a>, and was also on the short list of 15 films (out of 166 candidates) considered for nomination for <a href="Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature">Best Documentary Feature</a> at the <a href="91st_Academy_Awards" title="91st Academy Awards">91st Academy Awards</a>, though it was not selected as one of the final five nominees for the award.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2></div>

<p>The film describes how Robert Shafran discovered he had a twin brother after he arrived on the campus of a New York community college in 1980 and was constantly greeted by students and staff who incorrectly recognized him as Eddy Galland. The two met that evening, and, finding out both had been adopted, quickly concluded that they were twins. Months later, the publicity surrounding this human-interest story reached David Kellman, whose resemblance and matching adoption circumstances indicated that the three were actually <a href="Multiple_birth#Triplets" title="Multiple birth">identical triplets</a>.

</p><p>The brothers found themselves to be alike in many ways beyond their appearance: they had the same taste in food, smoked the same brand of cigarettes, all wrestled in high school, and all had shown signs of separation anxiety as children. They quickly became a minor media sensation, appearing on talk shows such as <i><a href="The_Phil_Donahue_Show" title="The Phil Donahue Show">The Phil Donahue Show</a></i>, and celebrated their newfound brotherhood, moving in together and opening a restaurant called Triplets, which they operated together.

</p><p>Each of the boys had been involved as children in a study by psychiatrists <a href="Peter_B._Neubauer" title="Peter B. Neubauer">Peter B. Neubauer</a> and Viola W. Bernard, under the auspices of the <a href="Jewish_Board_of_Family_and_Children's_Services" title="Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services">Jewish Board of Guardians</a>, which involved periodic home visits and evaluations, the true intent of which never was explained to the adoptive parents. Following the discovery that the boys were triplets, the parents sought more information from the Louise Wise adoption agency, which said that they had separated the boys because of the difficulty of placing triplets in a single household. Upon further investigation, however, it was revealed that the infants had been intentionally separated and placed with families having different parenting styles and economic levels—one <a href="Blue-collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-collar">blue-collar</a>, one <a href="Middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-class">middle-class</a>, and one affluent—as an <a href="Human_subject_research" title="Human subject research">experiment on human subjects</a>. During the film, the question is asked by the siblings if perhaps they and the other sets of twins involved in the study were chosen because their parents had reported signs of mental illness before having children, but one researcher interviewed denies this flatly, saying the research was simply about parenting.

</p><p>Over time, differences among the triplets became apparent, and their relationships became strained, especially due to the stress of running their restaurant. All three had struggled with mental health problems in their youth, and Galland, who was diagnosed with <a href="Manic_depressive_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Manic depressive disorder">manic depressive disorder</a>, died by suicide in 1995.

</p><p>The results of the experiment were never published, and the records will remain sealed until 2066. However, at the end of the film, onscreen text explains that Kellman and Shafran have both been granted access to the files, though they are heavily redacted and contain no formal conclusions.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<p>On the <a href="Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, 96% of 190 critics' reviews of the film are positive, with an average rating of 8.2/10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "Surreal and surprising, <i>Three Identical Strangers</i> effectively questions the nature of reality and identity."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, the film has a <a href="Weighted_average" title="Weighted average">weighted average</a> score of 81 out of 100 based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_works">Related works</h2></div>

<p>The unpublished Neubauer twin experiment was first publicized in a 1995 article in <i><a href="The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> by investigative journalist <a href="Lawrence_Wright" title="Lawrence Wright">Lawrence Wright</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is interviewed in the film. The study was subsequently the subject of <i><a href="Identical_Strangers" title="Identical Strangers">Identical Strangers</a></i>, a 2007 memoir by separated identical twins Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (who appear in the film), as well as the 2017 documentary <i>The Twinning Reaction</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 2018 episode of the American TV news program <i><a href="20/20_(American_TV_program)" title="20/20 (American TV program)">20/20</a></i> titled "Secret Siblings".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Raw_TV" title="Raw TV">Raw TV</a>, <a href="Film4_Productions" title="Film4 Productions">Film4 Productions</a>, and <a href="Sidney_Kimmel_Entertainment" title="Sidney Kimmel Entertainment">Sidney Kimmel Entertainment</a> said in 2018 that they were jointly developing a dramatic feature film based on <i>Three Identical Strangers</i>, with director Tim Wardle as an executive producer on the project.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<li><a href="List_of_documentary_films" title="List of documentary films">List of documentary films</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Lisa_and_Lottie" title="Lisa and Lottie">The Parent Trap</a></i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/three-identical-strangers-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zotuymdc">"Three Identical Strangers (2018)"</a>. <i><a href="BBFC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBFC">BBFC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWright1995" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="Lawrence_Wright" title="Lawrence Wright">Wright, Lawrence</a> (August 7, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1995/08/07/double-mystery">"Double Mystery"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFlaim2007" class="citation news cs1">Flaim, Denise (November 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journaltimes.com/articles/2007/11/25/life/doc47478ec53fb05987935080.txt">"Lost and Found: Twin sister separated at birth are reunited and work toward a new relationship"</a>. <i><a href="Racine_Journal_Times" title="Racine Journal Times">Racine Journal Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShinseki" class="citation web cs1">Shinseki, Lori. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetwinningreaction.com">"The Twinning Reaction"</a>. Firehorse Pictures<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc.go.com/shows/2020/episode-guide/2018-03/09-030918-secret-siblings">"Secret Siblings"</a>. <i><a href="20/20_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="20/20 (U.S. TV program)">20/20</a></i>. March 9, 2018. <a href="ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChu2018" class="citation news cs1">Chu, Henry (July 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/film/news/three-identical-strangers-docuemtnary-adapted-feature-film-1202878246/">"Hit Documentary 'Three Identical Strangers' to Be Adapted Into Feature Film"</a>. <i><a href="Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threeidenticalstrangers.com/home/">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7664504/"><i>Three Identical Strangers</i></a> at <a href="IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li>

<li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/three-identical-strangers">Three Identical Strangers</a></i> at <a href="Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/three_identical_strangers"><i>Three Identical Strangers</i></a> at <a href="Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li></ul>

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